“Long-term follow-up of liver transplantation in incidental intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma” / “Seguimiento a largo plazo del trasplante hepático en el colangiocarcinoma y hepatocolangiocarcinoma mixto incidentales”

Introduction: The standard treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC) is surgical resection, nevertheless, recent studies show adequate survival rates in selected patients with iCCA or HCC-CC undergoing liver transplantation (LT). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was design including all patients undergoing LT at our center between January, 2006 and December, 2019 with incidentally diagnosed iCCA or HCC-CC after pathological examination of the explanted liver (n = 13). Results: There were no iCCA or HCC-CC recurrences during the follow-up, and hence, there were no tumor related deaths. Global and disease-free survival were the same. The 1, 3 and 5-years patient survival were 92.3%, 76.9% and 76.9%, respectively. Survival rates in the “early-stage tumor group” at 1, 3 and 5 years were 100%, 83.3% and 83.3%, respectively, with no significant differences as compared to the “advanced-stage tumors group”. No statistically significant differences in terms of 5-year survival were found when comparing tumor histology (85.7% for iCCA and 66.7% for HCC-CC). Conclusions: These results suggest that LT could be an option in patients with chronic liver disease who develop an iCCA or HCC-CC, even in highly selected advanced tumors, but we must be cautious when analyzing these results because of the small sample size of the series and its retrospective nature. (AU)

Introducción: El tratamiento de elección del colangiocarcinoma intrahepático (iCCA) y el hepato-colangiocarcinoma mixto (HCC-CC) es la resección quirúrgica, sin embargo, estudios recientes han demostrado buenos resultados en pacientes seleccionados sometidos a un trasplante hepático (TH). Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de una cohorte formada por todos los pacientes que recibieron un TH en nuestro centro entre Enero 2006 y Diciembre 2019 con hallazgo incidental de un iCCA o un HCC-CC durante el estudio histopatológico después del trasplante (n = 13). Resultados: Después de una mediana de seguimiento de 65 meses no hubo ninguna recurrencia tumoral, por lo que la supervivencia global y libre de enfermedad fueron iguales. La supervivencia a 1, 3 y 5 años de la muestra fue del 92.3%, 76.9% y 76.9%, respectivamente. La supervivencia de los pacientes con un ‘early stage’ a 1, 3 y 5 años fue del 100%, 83.3% y 83.3%, respectivamente; sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas al compararla con la de los pacientes con un ‘advanced stage’. Aunque la supervivencia de los pacientes con iCCA fue mayor que la de los pacientes con HCC-CC (85.7% vs. 66.7% a 5 años, respectivamente), las diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: El TH podría ser una opción de tratamiento en pacientes con enfermedad hepática terminal que desarrollan un iCCA o un HCC-CC, incluso en estadios avanzados seleccionados, pero estos resultados deben ser analizado con precaución dada la naturaleza retrospectiva del estudio y el escaso tamaño muestral. (AU)

"Long-term follow-up of liver transplantation in incidental intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma".

INTRODUCTION: The standard treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC) is surgical resection, nevertheless, recent studies show adequate survival rates in selected patients with iCCA or HCC-CC undergoing liver transplantation (LT). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was design including all patients undergoing LT at our center between January, 2006 and December, 2019 with incidentally diagnosed iCCA or HCC-CC after pathological examination of the explanted liver (n = 13). RESULTS: There were no iCCA or HCC-CC recurrences during the follow-up, and hence, there were no tumor related deaths. Global and disease-free survival were the same. The 1, 3 and 5-years patient survival were 92.3%, 76.9% and 76.9%, respectively. Survival rates in the "early-stage tumor group" at 1, 3 and 5 years were 100%, 83.3% and 83.3%, respectively, with no significant differences as compared to the "advanced-stage tumors group". No statistically significant differences in terms of 5-year survival were found when comparing tumor histology (85.7% for iCCA and 66.7% for HCC-CC). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that LT could be an option in patients with chronic liver disease who develop an iCCA or HCC-CC, even in highly selected advanced tumors, but we must be cautious when analyzing these results because of the small sample size of the series and its retrospective nature.

Riesgo y deterioro de la integridad cutánea en el área del pañal en el lactante. Revisión de la literatura / Risk and deterioration of cutaneous integrity of the diaper area. What do we know? Review of literature

Objetivo. Sintetizar la evidencia existente sobre las afecciones en el área de pañal respecto a las intervenciones enfermeras a partir de los resultados de estudios empíricos. Metodología. Revisión de la litera-tura con método Scoping Review en las bases PubMed, LiLACS, Cuiden y en las bibliotecas Cochrane y SciELO. Se incluyeron artículos de investigación originales sobre las afecciones de la zona de pañal. Criterios de inclusión: Niños 0-24 meses con riesgo o afectación de la piel del área del pañal, ámbito hospitalario, domiciliario o Atención Primaria. Castellano-inglés-portugués. Últimos diez años. Criterios de exclusión: adultos, diagnóstico diferencial y uso de productos tópicos con marca registrada y/o conflicto de intereses. Criterios de calidad metodológica: la pregunta de investigación se estructura en formato PICO; Declaración PRISMA; Escala Jadad para ECA, herramienta CASPe para revisión narrativa y cohortes y clasificación CEBM. Se utilizaron los DeCS Enfermedades de la Piel, Dermatitis del Pañal, Dermatitis Irritante Atención de Enfermería, Diagnóstico de Enfermería Cuidados de la Piel, Enfermería Basada en la Evidencia, Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada y correspondientes términos MeSH. Resultados. Se analizaron 23 artículos publicados entre 2007 y 2017: 3 descriptivos, 7 revisiones de la literatura, 3 scoping review, 1 estudio de cohorte y 9 ECAs. Del análisis de los contenidos resultaron siete categorías: cuidados de la piel, factores protectores y abordaje, factores de riesgo, leche maternal, aplicación tópica de productos naturales y productos de barrera. Conclusión. Existe gran variabilidad en el abordaje de las afecciones de la piel en el área del pañal del lactante realizándose de forma experimental y aleatoria. Relevancia clínica: necesidad de implementación de protocolos de las intervenciones enfermeras para la prevención y cuidados de las lesiones cutáneas en el área del pañal en la edad pediátrica

Objective. To synthesize the existing evidence regarding the diaper area affections and the nursing interventions based on the results of empirical studies. Methodology. Review of the literature with the scoping review method in the PubMed, LiLACS, Cuiden databases and in the Cochrane and SciELO libraries. Original research articles on the conditions of the diaper area were included. Inclusion criteria. Children 0-24 months with risk or rash of the skin of the diaper area, hospital, home or primary care. Spanish-English-Portuguese. Last ten years. Exclusion criteria: adults, differential diagnosis and use of topical products with registered trademark and / or conflict of interests. Methodological quality criteria: The research question is structured in PICO format; PRISMA statement; Jadad scale for ECA; CASPe tool for narrative review and cohorts and CEBM classification. The decs used are Skin Diseases, Diaper Dermatitis, Irritant Dermatitis, Nursing Care, Nursing Diagnosis Skin Care, Evidence Based Nursing, Advanced Practice Nursing and corresponding MeSH terms. Results. 23 articles published between 2007 and 2017 were analyzed: 3 descriptive articles, 7 reviews of the literature, 3 scoping reviews, 1 cohort study and 9 ECAs. The analysis resulted in 7 categories: skin care, protective factors and approach, risk factors, maternal milk, topical application of natural products and barrier products. Conclusions. Great variability of results. Approach carried out experimentally and randomly. Clinical relevance: protocolization of nursing interventions for the prevention and care of skin lesions in the diaper area in the pediatric age

Construcción de un instrumento de valoración del riesgo y gravedad de las lesiones del área del pañal en lactantes RDIC-lac / Construction of an instrument of risk assessment and injury severity for the diaper area in infants: RDIC-lac

Objetivo. Diseño de una escala para valorar el deterioro de la integridad cutánea en el área del pañal del lactante y la gravedad de la lesión para la prevención y manejo de la dermatitis irritativa de pañal. Metodología. Estudio en 3 etapas: 1) revisión exhaustiva y lectura crítica de literatura para el diseño preliminar del instrumento; 2) evaluación crítica de propuesta inicial por grupo de expertos (enfermería y medicina pediátrica) con cuestionarios de opinión y guía de preguntas ad hoc; 3) análisis de contenido mediante tabulación de datos para la modificación y diseño final del instrumento. Ámbito. Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Tenerife. Resultados. En la 1.ª fase se diseña una propuesta de instrumento: dos grupos de factores de riesgo (10 moduladores del riesgo y 9 de alto riesgo) y escala de gravedad con 5 aspectos a valorar de 4-5 ítems cada uno (profundidad, localización, extensión, tipo de lesión, signos de infección). En la 2.ª fase participan 19 profesionales. Se realiza una tabulación de los datos agrupados en factores a añadir u omitir. La 3.ª fase finaliza con una versión del instrumento modificada: 10 factores moduladores, 5 de alto riesgo y 4 ítems para cada aspecto a valorar en escala de gravedad. Discusión-Conclusiones. La escasa bibliografía encontrada y la ausencia de herramientas similares justificaron el diseño. La siguiente fase será la validación del instrumento RDIC-lac. Relevancia clínica. Susceptibilidad de prevenir lesiones cutáneas en el área del pañal en la edad pediátrica (AU)

Objective. To design an instrument to measure impairment of skin integrity in the diaper area of infants and severity of injury for the prevention and management of irritative diaper dermatitis. Methodology. Design in 3 phases: 1) comprehensive review and critical appraisal of literature to design the preliminary content of the instrument; 2) critical evaluation of initial proposal by an expert group (nursing and pediatric medicine) with opinion survey and ad hoc questions; 3) content analysis using data tabulation for the modification and final design of the instrument. Setting. Primary Care Management of Tenerife Results. In the 1st phase a proposed instrument is designed: two groups of risk factors (10 modulators risk and 9 high risk); and a severity scale with 5 aspects to assess including 4-5 items each (depth, location, extension, type of injury, signs of infection). The 2nd phase involved 19 professionals. A Tabulation of the data grouped into add or omit factors was used. The 3rd phase ends with a modified version of the instrument: 10 modulating factors, 5 of hig risk and 4 items for each aspect to assess severity. Discussion-Conclusions. The scarce bibliography found and the absence of similar tools explain the design. The next phase will be the validation of RDIC-lac instrument. Clinical relevance. Susceptibility to prevent skin lesions in the diaper area in the pediatric age (AU)

[Construction of an Instrument of Risk Assessment and Injury Severity for the Diaper Area in Infants: RDIC-lac]. / Construcción de un instrumento de valoración del riesgo y gravedad de las lesiones del área del pañal en lactantes RDIC-lac*.

Objective: To design an instrument to measure impairment of skin integrity in the diaper area of infants and severity of injury for the prevention and management of irritative diaper dermatitis. Methodology: Design in 3 phases: 1) comprehensive review and critical appraisal of literature to design the preliminary content of the instrument; 2) critical evaluation of initial proposal by an expert group (nursing and pediatric medicine) with opinion survey and ad hoc questions; 3) content analysis using data tabulation for the modification and final design of the instrument. Setting: Primary Care Management of Tenerife. Results: In the 1st phase a proposed instrument is designed: two groups of risk factors (10 modulators risk and 9 high risk); and a severity scale with 5 aspects to assess including 4-5 items each (depth, location, extension, type of injury, signs of infection). The 2nd phase involved 19 professionals. A Tabulation of the data grouped into add or omit factors was used. The 3rd phase ends with a modified version of the instrument: 10 modulating factors, 5 of hig risk and 4 items for each aspect to assess severity. Discussion-Conclusions: The scarce bibliography found and absence of similar tools explain the design. The next phase will be the validation of RDIC-lac instrument. Clinical Relevance: Susceptibility to prevent skin lesions in the diaper area in the pediatric age.